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WULONG TAN
水潭。在南京城西部。三國時(shí)為運(yùn)瀆匯潮溝處，名清水大塘，因多植蓮花，又名芙蓉池。晉時(shí)，傳曾有烏龍出沒，故名烏龍?zhí)?。唐代大書法家顏真卿領(lǐng)昇州，在此建放生池，清代建“放生庵”，以祀顏（真卿）魯公。南唐時(shí)，潭因臨皇家避暑勝地清涼山，帝后妃嬪游潭賞景放生，潭又添新景，幽美雅致，明清時(shí)，文人慕名來此筑園建府，如金太守園、招隱草堂、棲賢庵、隱仙庵、魏源故居“小卷阿”、薛桑根“薛廬”、陶澍祠、沈葆楨祠、方苞“毅忠祠”等眾多祠廟建筑聚一處，更顯肅穆與神圣。上世紀(jì)80年代始辟為“烏龍?zhí)豆珗@”，廣7公頃，建有妙香閣、宛在亭、龍游亭、肥月廳等數(shù)座古典建筑，以及《紅樓夢(mèng)》作者曹雪芹紀(jì)念館及其塑像和歷史名人文化墻，以供游觀。
Wulong Tan
Wulong Tan (Black Dragons Pool) is located in the west of Nanjing. During the Three Kingdoms Period, when it was known as Qingshui Datang ("big pond with limpid water"), it was the place where a canal converged with a tidal creek. It was also known as Furong Chi (Lotus Pond) because of the abundance of lotuses in it. The name Wulong Tan can be traced back to the Jin Dynasty, when it was said that the pond was the haunt of black dragons. It was used as a fangshengchi (a pond where Buddhists could set captive fish free as a virtuous act) by Yan Zhenqing, a great calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty, when he served as the governor of Shengzhou (present-dayNanjing). During the Qing Dynasty, a temple was built by the pond in memory of Governor Yan. During the Southern Tang Dynasty, thanks to its proximity to Qingliang Shan (Cool Hill), an imperial summer resort, it was frequented by the empress and imperial concubines coming here to enjoy the scenery and free captive fish. As a result, new attractions were added to it, making it a place of secluded beauty.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the fame of Wulong Tan attracted many men of letters, who came here and built gardens and houses around it, such as Prefect Jin's Garden, Zhaoyin Caotang (Hermit-attracting Thatched Hut), Qixian An (Temple of Sages), Yinxian An (Temple of Reclusive Immortals), Xiaojuan'e (the former residence of Wei Yuan), Xue Cottage (the former residence of Xue Sanggen), the Temple of Tao Shu, the Temple of Shen Baozhen, and Yizhong (Fortitude and Loyalty) Temple dedicated to Fang Bao. Those shrines added a sacred and solemn atmosphere to Wulong Tan.
In the 1980s, Wulong Tan was developed into a park with an area of seven hectares. Several classical-style buildings were erected, such as Miaoxiang Ge (Pavilion of Wonderful Scent), Wanzai Ting (Pavilion of Remembered Presence), Longyou Ting (Pavilion of the Dragon's Wander), and Feiyue Ting (Hall of Full Moon). Apart from these, the park also features a memorial to Cao Xueqin (the author of Dream of the Red Chamber), a statue of the great novelist, and a "cultural wall" lined with sculptures of historical figures.
清涼山
QINGLIANG SHAN
山。在南京城西部，秦淮河?xùn)|畔。古稱石頭山。南唐時(shí)山中建避暑宮，后改清涼寺，辟為清涼道場(chǎng)，清涼山或以此得名；另一說北宋間，因移建幕府山的清涼廣惠寺于此，因名。三國孫權(quán)定都于此，在清涼山北一帶筑石頭城，遂又別稱“石城山”。清涼山原處長江邊，地勢(shì)險(xiǎn)要，為軍事要塞，戰(zhàn)國時(shí)楚在此建金陵邑，六朝以來皆守此為固，唐代始長江西遷，雄險(xiǎn)形勢(shì)頓失。清涼山東北坡傳為諸葛武侯當(dāng)年駐馬眺覽金陵形勝的駐馬坡；西麓崖壁上有一酷似面目猙獰“鬼臉”的石壁，俗稱“鬼臉城”，現(xiàn)建有石頭城公園和國防園；南麓有始建于楊吳，初名“興教寺”的清涼寺。自孫吳以來，此山名勝古跡可稽者數(shù)十處。1930年將東南麓辟為公園，今入園可見掃葉樓、清涼寺、還陽井、崇正書院、駐馬坡等古跡。“清涼問佛”入選清“金陵四十八景”，“清涼掃葉”入選 “新金陵四十景”，“名城清涼”入選“新金陵四十八景”。
Qingliang Shan
Qingling Shan (Cool Hill) is located in the west ofNanjing, east of theQinhuaiRiver. In ancient times it was called Shitou Shan (Stone Hill). During the Southern Tang Dynasty, a summer palace was built on the hill. Later it was turned into a temple calledQingliangTemplefor the performance of Buddhist rites, which could be the origin of the name Qingliang Shan. Another version goes that the name derived fromQingliangGuanghuiTemple, which was relocated here from Mufu Hill during the Northern Song Dynasty.
During the Three Kingdoms Period, Sun Quan madeNanjingthe capital of hisKingdomofWuand built a stone city wall in the vicinity of the hill, for which it was also known as Shicheng Shan (Stone Wall Hill).
The hill used to be a military fortress because of its proximity to theYangtze River. It became the center ofJinlingCityfounded by the state ofChuduring the Warring States Period, and had served as a military stronghold since the Six Dynasties. However, during the Tang Dynasty, it lost its military importance as theYangtze Riverbegan to move further west.
The northeast side of Qingliang Shan is said to have been the place where Zhuge Liang contemplated the topographical advantages of Jinling from the back of his horse. In the western side of the hill, whereStoneCityParkandNationalDefenseParkare located, there is a grotesque cliffside rock known as the "demon face wall". In the southern side there isQingliangTemple(originally namedXingjiaoTemple), which dates from the Yangwu Period. Since the Sunwu Period, the hill has acquired dozens of sties of historic interest.
In 1930, the southeastern side of the hill was developed into a park, which nowadays still features a number of historic sites such as Saoye Lou (Sweeping Leaves Tower), Qingliang Temple, Huanyang Jing (Revival Well), Chongzhen Shuyuan (Orthodoxy Academy), and Zhuma Po (Reining Horse Slope).
During the Qing Dynasty, "visiting the Buddhist temple at Qingliang" was listed among the Forty-eight Sights of Jinling. Nowadays, "sweeping leaves at Qingliang" is listed among the New Forty Sights of Jinling and "the stone city wall at Qingliang", among the New Forty-eight Sights of Jinling.
四牌樓
SIPAI LOU
古遺址。在今大紗帽巷中段南側(cè)，通賢橋正北方。明朝時(shí)此處為國子監(jiān)南大門，門前建有兩兩相對(duì)的四座牌樓，故名四牌樓，今已廢。牌樓為木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)建筑物，上刻“國子監(jiān)”三字。明初的國子監(jiān)，彰顯朱元璋“治國以教化為先，教化以學(xué)校為本”的崇文重教理念，是明朝廷官辦的一座最高學(xué)府，亦是當(dāng)時(shí)世界上最大的高等學(xué)府之一，人數(shù)多達(dá)近萬人。清順治八年，南京國子監(jiān)改為江寧府學(xué)。由國子監(jiān)衍生的四牌樓（路）、成賢街、成賢里、成賢村、通賢橋等地名群，突顯了南京城的文化品位。
Sipailou
Sipailou (Four Memorial Arches) is a historic site located south of the middle section of Dashamao Alley, due north ofTongxianBridge. During the Ming Dynasty, there were four memorial arches (pailou) standing here in front of the southern gate of theImperialCollege. Those arches were made of wood and engraved with the three Chinese characters--guo zi jian--for "the imperial college".
During the early Ming Dynasty, theImperialCollegeoperated under Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang's instructions on giving priority to schools in education, and to education in governance, as the highest government-run seat of learning and one of the largest institutions of higher learning in the world. The number of students amounted to almost 10,000. It existed until the eighth year of Shunzhi during the Qing Dynasty, when it was changed intoNankingAcademy(Jiangning Fuxue).
From the Imperial College were derived a group of place names such as Sipailou (Road), Chengxian (Becoming Sage) Street, Chengxian Neighborhood, Chengxian Village and Tongxian (Sensible Sage) Bridge, which highlight the cultural tradition of Nanjing.
碑亭巷
BEITING XIANG
街巷。北起珠江路，南止中山東路，長約九百米，為太平天國天朝宮殿和清江寧織造府的西界。在明清更替之際，以豫親王多鐸為首的一些清軍將領(lǐng)，改變以往肆意屠城做法，攻克江寧（今南京）后，秋毫無犯，贏得人們尊敬，城人立碑于巷，以頌功德，用亭覆之，此巷故名碑亭巷。近年，在巷東側(cè)發(fā)掘假山石等文物，不少紅學(xué)家認(rèn)為，《紅樓夢(mèng)》里的“大觀園”場(chǎng)景，即以江寧織造府為原型。此巷曾是南京貫通南北的主要道路，因與兩江總督府、國民政府鄰近，地位尤顯重要。一枝園、如意里、楊將軍巷、石婆婆庵、長江路等街巷與其相通。巷內(nèi)曾有“八月梅花草堂”勝跡和南京卷煙廠舊址。今在此巷建有“江寧織造博物館”，再現(xiàn)了昔日輝煌。
Beiting Xiang
Beiting Xiang (Stele Pavilion Alley) is a 900-meter-long street betweenZhujiang Roadin the north andEast Zhongshan Roadin the south. It used to be the western border of the royalpalaceofTaiping HeavenlyKingdom and, earlier on, theMansionofJiangning Zhizao(Superintendent of Imperial Silk Manufacture inNanjing). During the turn from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the Qing generals headed by Duoduo (Prince Yu) who conquered Jiangning (present-dayNanjing) forbade their soldiers to plunder or do any harm to the citizens, as opposed to the previous practice of wanton slaughtering. This act won such respect from the citizens that they erected a stele in memory of those merciful generals in the alley and built a pavilion over it, hence the name Stele Pavilion Alley.
In recent years, archaeological excavation has revealed rockery stones and other artifacts on the eastern side of the alley. These could be what remains of the mansion of Jiangning Zhizao, which is believed to be the prototype of Grand Prospect Garden in Dream of the Red Chamber by many redologists (scholars doing research into Dream of the Red Chamber).
The alley used to be one of the main roads running acrossNanjingfrom north to south. Its importance was highlighted by its proximity to the mansion of the Viceroy of Liangjiang and, later, to the headquarters of the Nationalist Government. It is connected to a number of streets and alleys, such as Yizhiyuan, Ruyili, General Yang Alley, Shipopo'an, andChangjiang Road.
The alley used to be the location of Bayue Meihua Caotang (the Thatched Cottage of Plum Blossoms in the Eighth Lunar Month) and the former premises of Nanjing Cigarette Factory. Today it is home toJiangningZhizaoMuseum, which revives the glory of theMansionofJiangning Zhizao.
地 名 協(xié) 會(huì)
2013-11-7
The Place Names Association
November 7, 2013
【發(fā)布時(shí)間】2013-12-10 【信息來源】管理員 【瀏覽點(diǎn)擊】2995次
